The mechanical clock of Independent operation

In early fourteenth Century, the church and other buildings in Europe, British Italy，France and other countries had appeared mechanical clock, because the clock running requires continuous power source, a series of operations worked through using ropes hanging weights and producing gravity .This large mechanical clock mainly uses "Verge Escapement" , or the "Crown-wheel Escapement" , the main component consists of an escapement wheel similar as Western Crown , its convex teeth and Two "escapement piece" meshed of the "shaft" are linked up. "Pendulum" acts as the "governor" ending with heavy loads, located in the "shaft". the representative clock in this period include the astronomical clock of the Italian Giovanni de Dondi (1318-1389) building in about 1364 in Pavia, the British Salisbury church bell in 1386 and the France Roven bell in 1389.

 

In the mid of fifteenth Century, due to the invention of the iron springs, a bulky bell has a new power source, it also created a condition for the bell for small change .In 1459, a French clockmaker created the first spring clock for Charlie VII .In 1510, the German Peter Henlein (1480-1542) produced a wind-up clock, around 1525, Jacob Zech also produced the portable spring clock having fusee device. During the sixteenth Century, French clock manufacturing center was located in Blais and Strasbourg areas.

 

In 1583, Italian Galileo (1564-1642) established the famous isochronous theory, it also is the theoretical foundation of the pendulum. Holland scientists Huygens (1629-1695) in 1656 applied Galileo's theory to design of the "pendulum", second years under his guidance, the young watchmaker Salomon Comer made the first pendulum clock. In 1658, Ahasuerus Fromantee in the UK also made pendulum clock. Huygens once again in 1675 invented the "gossamer", so speed regulation machine taking "gossamer" as device has produced, which provided favorable technical condition for portable pocket watch.